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Sterling Planet, a leading supplier of renewable energy, energy efficiency and low-carbon solutions, today announced that Intel Corporation (NASDAQ:INTC) has become the largest purchaser of certified renewable energy certificates (RECs) in the United States. Under a multi-year contract, Sterling Planet was selected to provide Intel with an annual volume of 1.3 billion kilowatt hours.
"Intel has a long history of commitment to the environment and we're excited to be partnering with Sterling Planet and the EPA on this important announcement," said Marty Sedler, Global Utilities Director for Intel. "This is part of a broader plan to continue to reduce our overall impact to the environment which also includes reducing the actual energy we do use."
This ground-breaking purchase catapults Intel to top ranking in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Green Power Partnership, a voluntary public-private program recognizing organizations that purchase renewable energy as a way to reduce the environmental impacts of conventional electricity use. Intel is now the largest Fortune 500 renewable energy purchaser.
"Intel's investment provides significant economic stimulus to production-based, renewable energy markets that benefit from the additional demand and liquidity that such a large volume purchase creates. This purchase not only benefits the tradable renewable energy markets, but also adds greatly to the underlying economics of renewable energy project development," said Mel Jones, Sterling Planet President and Chief Executive Officer. "Sterling Planet is proud to be partnered with an organization with such an outstanding commitment to corporate responsibility," added Jones.
Sterling Planet, per Intel's direction, will supply RECs originating from multiple technologies: solar, wind, small hydroelectric, landfill-gas-to-energy and biomass projects nationwide. Additionally, portions will be delivered from the specific regions where Intel operates its major facilities. These domestic, renewable energy projects support local economies, reduce dependence on conventional sources of electricity such as coal and other fossil fuels, and are considered environmentally preferable.
The U.S. EPA estimates that Intel's annual purchase of 1.3 billion kilowatt-hours of green power has the equivalent environmental impact of avoiding the carbon dioxide emissions of more than 185,000 passenger
vehicles per year, or is the equivalent electricity needed to power more than 130,000 average American homes annually.
Sterling Planet's Green America(tm) RECs carry certification from the Green-e Energy Program of the Center for Resource Solutions (CRS), the nation's leading voluntary certification program for renewable energy. CRS is a national non-profit organization working to promote sustainable resource solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Source: Sterling Planet, 2/5/2008.
Just in time for its annual Climate Awareness Day on Sunday, Arapahoe Basin decided to go 100-percent wind power, offsetting all of its energy use through the Renewable Choice program.
"Arapahoe Basin is happy to announce that we have joined the clean energy revolution by offsetting 100 percent of our energy use with renewable energy credits through wind power," said chief operating officer and general manager Alan Henceroth.
A-Basin also announced that guest services manager Sha Miklas will become the area's environmental program manager. In that position, Miklas is responsible for evaluating and considering current environmental efforts, recycling programs and the development and implementation of new programs that result in the overall goal of reducing Arapahoe Basin's carbon footprint.
Last year, both Intrawest resorts and Vail Resorts announced they were converting their ski areas to 100- percent wind power, including Breckenridge, Keystone and Copper Mountain ski areas. Source: Bob Berwyn, Associated Press, Vail, CO, 2/10/2008.
Florida Power & Light Co. will be powering up the Honda Classic at PGA National with 177,000 kilowatts of electricity from renewable fuels.
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During the golf tournament, which starts Feb. 25, FPL will buy 177 so-called "blocks" of energy from wind and solar generators— such as its sister company, FPL Energy LLC. The amount of renewable energy FPL buys will counterbalance the emissions from 115 tons of carbon, said David Bates, the program manager for FPL's green-power program, Sunshine Energy.
FPL, a major sponsor of the annual golf tournament, also will set up a tent on the 17th green and show off solar-powered golf carts, hybrid-powered bucket trucks and electric gadgets such as blenders and microwaves that are fueled by the sun.
FPL started Sunshine Energy in 2004 as a way for residential customers to buy kilowatts of renewable energy for the power grid. The utility expanded the program to businesses last year. "This will show customers how they can participate," Bates said.
FPL's efforts piggyback on the Honda Classic's goal to be as green and carbon-free as possible. For instance, tournament planners hope to recycle 4 tons of garbage during the event, said Ed McEnroe, tournament director. "We're learning as we go," he said of the event's green efforts. "The more we understand, the more we look out for things to do." Source: - Kristi E. Swartz, 2/11/2008.
Since its launch late last year, the EPA Law Office Climate Challenge has racked up nearly 100 law offices across the country committing to its three-pronged plan green up the law business by reducing paper waste, increasing energy efficiency and purchasing green power for law firms.
At least 88 law offices have joined the challenge, a project jointly created by the American Bar Association and the EPA in recognition of the significant impact law offices can have on the environment. According to the ABA, one law firm in Washington, D.C., purchases about 100,000 sheets of paper per attorney per year, enough to generate about 11 tons of greenhouse gas emissions per lawyer.
The Law Office Climate Challenge efforts are focused on three main areas of activity: paper use and recycling, purchasing green power, and increasing energy efficiency. To reduce paper waste, the ABA encourages companies to follow at least two of the following three recommendations from the EPA's WasteWise program:
The Climate Challenge also requires participating firms to join the EPA's Green Power Partnership, which requires companies to purchase at least 2 percent of their power from renewable sources or renewable energy credits.
Finally, law offices that join the Climate Challenge commit to reduce their overall energy use by at least 10 percent, and the ABA recommends achieving that goal by implementing energy-management practices and switching to Energy Star-certified electronics products.
In addition to boosting environmental performance, undertaking the practices in the Climate Challenge can have financial benefits as well. Texas-based law frim Gardere Wynne Sewell, which joined the Climate Challenge this week, is that state's first law firm to do so, and committed its offices in Austin, Dallas and Houston to the challenge. The company expects to save $14,000 per year once the practices are implemented across the firm.
Courts and other judicial bodies are also making efforts to reduce paper waste in the law business. Last summer, Oakland County in Michigan mandated that some types of legal paperwork must be filed electronically, a move that the county expects to save 5,000 reams of paper per year under the new policy.
Source: By GreenBiz, 2/6/2008.
San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) has signed a power-purchase agreement with Esmeralda Truckhaven to supply 40 MW of geothermal energy to the region's electric system. This latest agreement will boost SDG&E's total geothermal energy supply produced from Esmeralda facilities located in Imperial County, Calif. to 60 MW. (Source: Marketwire, Feb. 04, '08)
For more information, contact Jennifer Briscoe, San Diego Gas & Electric, 877-866-2066. (Editor's Note: We are unable to determine contact information for Esmeralda Truckhaven at this time. Earlier press releases indicate that the company is a California limited liability company, whose sole member is Esmeralda Energy Company, a Nevada corporation, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Geo-Energy Partners-1983 Ltd., a major geothermal leaseholder.) Source: ep Overviews, 2/6/2008.
Interest in and funding for geothermal energy has recently picked up. According to a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) study, the amount of geothermal power that could be recovered from deep drilling would equal 3,000 times the total energy used in the U.S. each year. Cal Energy Generation has produced a series of excellent videos that show how a geothermal energy plant actually captures heat from the earth's magma to produce clean electricity. EERE's Geothermal Technologies Web Site also holds a wealth of information on the topic. Source: DOE/Golden Field Office, 2/4/2007.
A 100-foot wind turbine has been hoisted into place in Saco, where it will provide power to a new train station the city is building. The windmill will generate 90 kilowatt hours per year and is billed as the first mid-size turbine to be erected in Maine. Saco City Councilor Eric Cote said the turbine cost $200,000 and should pay for itself in about 12 years. The city plans to install another wind turbine this year at the middle school. The new train station for the Downeaster passenger train is expected to be open later this year. Source: Portland Press Herald, February 6, 2008.
Denmark has been developing wind generation ever since the oil price rise shocks of three decades ago. Even though modest amounts of oil were found near its shores, Denmark continued to work on wind power. Read more. Source: Energy Central, 2/6/2008.
In September 1994, Denmark's Energy Agency approved plans for the construction of a highly efficient combined heat and power (CHP) plant, to be built by Energi E2 and Vattenfall. The 570-MW Avedore 2 plant, situated on the coast just south of Copenhagen, was approved on the condition that its owner, SK Power, decommission three older coal-fired power plants to reduce net emissions of CO2 (10 percent), NOx (20 percent) and SO2 (30 percent).
Avedore 2 was unique in its design because it was conceived as a multi-fuel plant from the start, capable of using natural gas, coal and biomass. In 1996, Denmark's government banned the use of coal. And so Avedore proved to be a safe bet, by switching entirely to biomass and gas. Today, renewable biomass is the plant's main fuel.
The switch was helped by a spike in natural gas prices in the late 1990s. Originally, gas was expected to contribute 85 percent of Avedore 2's total fuel consumption in the main boiler. Rocketing gas prices favored biofuels, so in early 2001 biomass was decided upon for the main fuel source.
Avedore 2, inaugurated in 2002, made the green switch successfully and is now a set of superlatives: it is the world's largest biomass power plant as well as the cleanest and most efficient cogeneration power station. It meets the heating demands of 200,000 households and supplies electricity to over 1.3 million homes (Denmark has a population of 5.47 million). The green plant covers more than 20 percent of Eastern Denmark's needs—the most densely populated region of the country—and supplies 570MW of heat to Greater Copenhagen's district heating system. The combined heat and power efficiency comes in at a whopping 95 percent.
Today the impressive Avedore 2 station is owned by Dong Energy, Denmark's largest energy company, partly state owned and the result of a merger between Dong, Elsam, Energi E2, Nesa and the electrical departments of two major utilities.
The 44-MWe biomass plant provides the baseload for the power station, while two 55MWe gas turbines work as a peak load facility, which means they are started up when there is additional demand for electricity—usually in the mornings and evenings. The 'heart' of the power station is the USC (Ultra Super Critical) facility which comprises a boiler, steam turbine, generator and flue gas cleaning plant.
By increasing steam pressure and temperature to exceptionally high levels it ensures very efficient fuel use. This means Avedore 2 uses less fuel to generate one kilowatt-hour than older generators. It uses about 50 percent of the energy in the fuel to generate electricity compared with only 35 percent fuel use in older units. Connecting all the systems together creates a synergy that means the total output is greater than all the individual parts. This is what makes the facility the most flexible and energy efficient CHP plant of its kind in the world.
The key to Avedore 2's clean power generation is its reliance on renewable biomass as a fuel. The high volumes of biofuels consumed helps the state owned energy company to comply with the Danish Parliament's Biomass Action Plan. This set a target of 1.2 million tonnes of straw and 0.2 million tonnes of wood chips to be burned annually. Half of the target must be met by eastern Denmark, and Avedore 2 alone accounts for more than a quarter. The Biomass Action Plan, approved already in 1993, puts the country on track to meet its EU obligations which call, in Denmark's case, for 30 percent of renewable energy by 2020. Denmark today already generates 17 percent of all its energy from renewables, making it one of the EU's green energy leaders. Avedore 2 significantly contributes to this achievement.
The biofuel at Avedore 2 comes in the form of straw bales and pellets, each contributing around half of the total amount of biomass burned in the station. Last year, Avedore 2 consumed 172,000 tonnes of straw bales, including hay from rape, cereals and ryegrass from 500 different farms in eastern Denmark. Every day, Avedore 2 handles 65 lorry-loads of 24 bales. Currently these loads weigh about 12 tonnes, but with the increased density from a new generation of efficient balers the payload is expected to increase by at least 20 percent, further improving the efficiency of the operation.
The straw-fired biomass facility consists of a boiler, straw store, ash separator and a system for handling the bottom and fly ash. The straw store holds enough bales to run the plant for two to three days, with deliveries arriving from Monday until noon on Saturday, every week.
The whole biomass side of the plant—cranes, straw lines and feeding system—is designed exclusively to handle bale dimensions of 1.2m x 1.2m x 2.5m. According to Pernille Harder Andersen, information officer at the plant, the higher density and heavier packages made by the latest balers will be of great benefit to the operations, helping to further improve efficiency—simply because the straw lines will be able to handle more material. The bale size choice also reflects years of experience from farmers and contractors baling straw for industrial and other uses.
The plant will accept bales with moisture contents up to 24 percent and farms are expected to store them under cover until they are required. Bales are then transported to Avedore 2 on lorries stacked with 24 bales laid across the bed in two layers. On arrival, the trucks are un-sheeted on a special gantry. Then the truck moves to the unloading area where the bales are weighed and ultra-sonic sensors are used to check the moisture content.
If the moisture content is within the parameters, the operator, sitting high up in a control room, uses an over-head crane to lift off each layer of 12 bales in one go. He then stacks the bales in the storage area in a particular pattern, which is critical because from now on all the handling is carried out automatically.
Two special straw 'tables' feed the bales onto four straw lines that convey the MF 'Hesston' bales into the process. First job is to remove the strings, which are cut and stripped off before the bale feeds into contra-rotating peg rollers that loosen the material before it is blown into the boiler.
According to Harder Andersen, it is actually very difficult to combust straw because its silicates are very corrosive. So it took quite a while to perfect the system and get it running as efficiently as it does today. The steam generated by the biomass boiler is directed to the central turbine, which makes much better use of the energy in the fuel compared with using a separate steam turbine.
Dong Energy is Denmark's largest power generator, 73 percent state-owned. The company produces more than 50 percent of Denmark's power and approximately 40 percent of the district heating. It is also deeply involved in leading European liquid biofuel research, focusing on the utilization of biomass for the cogeneration of power, heat and liquid fuels. Source: Checkbiotechgreen.org 02/06/08.
When a group of five western Kansas businessmen got together almost a year ago, their dream was to find a way to turn the abundant agricultural residue of their region into salable fuel.
They formed Prairie Fire Bioenergy Cooperative, based in Healy, in April 2007 and closed their shareholder drive Jan. 31.
On Monday, they announced their second partnership with an existing business aimed at further development of biomass fuel products.
Sunflower Electric Power Corp., based in Hays, will work with Prairie Fire to complete an evaluation of the impact of using biosolid fuel from Prairie Fire in combination with other fuels in a power plant boiler.
Sunflower will initially build a small-scale plant for testing the fuel and conducting a chemical analysis of how well it would burn in combination with other fuels in a larger boiler.
The goal is to burn about 5 percent biomass with 95 percent coal in the co-op's coal-fire plant at Holcomb, according to Sunflower officials.
"Our technology is taking biomass and sizing it to a manageable size, then drying it, grinding it and creating a powder that can flow like a fluid," said Brad Applegarth, a spokesman for Prairie Fire.
"The goal is to have a plant for production of the fuel on the Sunflower location so we can pipe it directly to them."
Sunflower is an electrical generation cooperative owned by six rural electric cooperatives in central and western Kansas. It has a diverse portfolio of generation capacity, including coal, natural gas and wind.
Applegarth said Prairie Fire also has a working relationship with Alternative Energy Solutions, a Wichita company that is the only U.S. distributor of Uniconfort Biomass Gasification Boilers.
A subsidiary of Wichita Burner, Alternative Energy uses a high heat, oxygen-deprived environment to convert biomass into combustible gases that can be burned to generate steam for electrical generation for factories or industrial plants and heat for ethanol manufacturing.
"We've found a perfect synergy with Prairie Fire," said Alternative Energy vice president Brian Cartwright. "We are looking for customers that can use our boilers, and they are providing green fuel to those same customers." Source: The Wichita Eagle 02/06/08.
Vulcan Power Company today announced the G3 Power Plan, a preliminary plan for green grid transmission upgrades to deliver a "green gigawatt" (1,000 megawatts) of clean geothermal power to Los Angeles and Las Vegas from massive natural steam zones located in northwest Nevada.
Scientists at the Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy at University Nevada Reno estimate that 2,500 megawatts (MW) of geothermal natural steam exists in northern Nevada, according to the recent press release of director Dr. Lisa Shevenell. This clean steam fuel could generate power for 2.5 million people, corroborating the US Senate majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) observation t hat Nevada is the "Saudi Arabia of Geothermal." There has already been about 240 MW of geothermal online in Nevada for 15 years, which is evenly split between Nevada and California utility buyers Sierra Pacific Resources and Southern California Edison Company, the nation's largest renewable power purchaser.
But new green grid upgrades are needed for Nevada steamfields to grow up to 2,500 MW, supplying a "green gigawatt" (1,000 MW) each to California and Nevada. Seven companies with advanced sites have been selected to supply progressive Nevada and California utilities with about 500 MW of geothermal, with over half utilizing these grid upgrades.
"The geothermal genie," said Vulcan board member Sandy Lonsdale, "is being held hostage by antiquated transmission lines from northern Nevada to California and southern Nevada."
Lonsdale is also the former president of the Juniper Chapter of the Sierra Club. He is Chairman of Vulcan's Native Restoration Fund (NRF) which plans to give 5 percent of Vulcan project income back to fund habitat restoration and tribal restoration projects. NRF was the brainchild of the Vulcan CEO and Jon Wellinghoff, a former Vulcan board member and current Commissioner of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. "The green grid can be a win-win for the land and Americans both in rural areas and our cities," he added.
Vulcan's CFO, Bryan Urban, has previously managed large power and transmission projects as CFO of Panda Energy, who financed and built $5.5 billion of successful power projects. "New geothermal projects are attracting finance community support," Mr. Urban said. He added, "Merrill Lynch Commodities invested $35 million in Vulcan.Vulcan now has a $100 million institutional private placement underway.
Vulcan has a large portfolio of geothermal contracts and owns one of the largest geothermal property positions in the nation, with resources independently rated at over 700 MW.""G3 Plan transmission economics are very compelling," said Vulcan board member Richard Rodgers, a former senior banker at Bank of America. "Geothermal is a bargain for California, particularly when compared to new gas fired power, believed to cost $0.096 per kWh. The first 1,000 MW of new geothermal could justify building about $4 billion worth of grid upgrades and doubling that output justifies $8 billion in upgrades.
"Cost estimates for the G3 Plan are expected in the second quarter of 2008 while very preliminary "Green Tap" budget estimates have been received. Electranix recently estimated a 500 MW tap on the 3,100 MW Pacific DC Intertie line in Nevada will cost $125 to $180 million and a 1,000 MW tap from $170 to $250 million, depending on design, location and if it connects with Sierra Pacific to provide counterflow power to Nevada. G3 benefits also include the economic and environmental benefits of clean power, which exceed $18 billion and nearly 2 billion gallons of groundwater savings per year.
The G3 Plan team includes former transmission planning executives Jim Kritikson of SCE and Robert Jackson of SDG&E, DC line specialist Electranix and Ed Evatz, former deputy director Nevada USBLM. Ed Evatz said, "The G3 Power Plan welcomes stakeholder comments, ideas and questions by email or shared at local small town meetings that G3 will be scheduling. The team has held meetings and is contacting other stakeholders in both states." Source: Vulcan Power Company.
In an effort to add renewable energy to Truckee's power portfolio, the Truckee Donner Public Utility District will seek a 20-year contract with a geothermal power plant. On Wednesday district staff will ask the board to approve an agreement with the Northern California Power Agency to purchase approximately .38 megawatts from the Geysers geothermal field in Northern California. The district provides between 20 and 25 megawatts of power monthly to approximately 12,100 customers.
"The energy would be part of our power resource mix," Hollabaugh said. "It would add to our Renewable Portfolio Standards we're trying to meet."
The Western GeoPower Incorporated plans to develop the new geothermal power plant by 2010, with an expected capacity of 25 to 35 megawatts. The district's proposed percentage share would be 1.5 percent, said Steve Hollabaugh, the district's assistant general manager.
Geothermal power is energy generated from heat stored beneath the Earth's surface. The Geysers geothermal field, located in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma and Lake counties, generates more electricity than any other geothermal field in the world. Because the district is not directly connected to the geothermal plant by transmission lines, the district is unsure how the geothermal power will be transferred back to Truckee, Hollabaugh said. "When we get to 2010, we will evaluate how to get the power back," Hollabaugh said. "There are ways."
One option the district may consider is to build transmission lines within the next few years. Or the district could swap the power for another green resource more easily accessible, Hollabaugh said. The cost to the district would be a fixed cost of $98 per megawatt-hour, or 9.8 cents per kilowatt-hour, Hollabaugh said. "We have to buy power to sell to our customers," Hollabaugh said. "It makes sense to add this [geothermal power] to our renewable energy portfolio to meet our customer's needs."
Last June, the Truckee Donner Public Utility District board agreed to a 10-year energy deal, which includes importing about 4 megawatts of geothermal power from a plant in northern Nevada called Rye Patch.
The district could import the energy using Sierra Pacific Power Company's transmission lines and the alternative energy source would supplement the district's goal of using 20 percent renewable energy by 2010. "We're hoping around July to get that online," said Assistant General Manager Steve Hollabaugh. Source: Jenny Goldsmith, Sierra Sun, February 4, 2008.
For the president of Suntech Power North America, it's been quite a ride from his home office in suburban Washington, D.C., to a new downtown headquarters here within a walk of the Bay Bridge.
In June 2006, solar-industry veteran Roger Efird launched the first U.S. sales effort by the largest Chinese manufacturer of solar panels from his basement in Maryland. Suntech had just three U.S. sales representatives at the time and no market penetration.
But less than two years later, Suntech has come from nowhere to become the third-ranked U.S. supplier in a forthcoming analysis of how the domestic sector fared in 2007, Efird said in an interview. That would put the Chinese outfit just behind Silicon Valley upstart SunPower Corp. and Japanese stalwart Sharp Electronics.
"We were the first Chinese manufacturer to start selling in the United States," said Efird, who is in the process of moving to the Bay area. "And we've achieved our two primary goals in the first 12 months of operations." Those goals were to establish a U.S. presence and overcome the "Made in China" stigma afflicting many cheap products exported by Asia's new economic powerhouse. Suntech dealt with some of the same questions in Europe and has overcome some early misperceptions about the quality of its solar panels there, Efird said. "We all understood we were going to have some issues with the 'Made in China' thing," he said. "We've dealt with that problem before."
Numbers compiled for the third quarter by London-based research firm, New Energy Finance, appear to support his company's bullish outlook on the fledgling U.S. market. Its data show Suntech reaching the No. 4 spot among suppliers dealing in the United States in the third quarter that ended last Oct. 31, and looked to be on the way up by year's end.
"It does seem like they were getting pretty decent traction in California last year," said Ethan Zindler, the head of North American research at New Energy Finance, adding that fourth quarter statistics and year-end data have not been compiled yet.
So as of October, Zindler's numbers had Suntech ranked just behind Sharp, SunPower and German manufacturer SolarWorld. The headway, to include a 450-kilowatt system atop the San Francisco Airport, has seen the Chinese company moving early this year to capitalize on its position with a sales office here and a new warehouse in Southern California to move imported solar panels through the port at Long Beach.
All of which has the former BP Solar employee Efird packing up his office and headed to the West Coast, where he intends to surpass the big three and "do whatever it takes" to move into the top position.
"It's time to take the next step," he said.
Make no mistake, Suntech sees most of its opportunity in the California market, where most of the U.S. solar sector is operating under state and federal policies meant to encourage exponential growth.
Efird said he expects California to lead a renaissance of solar power that could eclipse global leaders Germany and Japan. But moving into California also means stepping into territory SunPower intends to dominate in the years ahead.
At a recent energy summit attended by SunPower and other Silicon Valley technology firms, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom (D) went public with Suntech's decision to establish its North American headquarters here and credited the company with creating jobs in the state's new green economy.
But the buzz created by the Newsom's keynote did not deter a senior official at SunPower from speaking calmly of her company's recent success at the same event. The official cited a tripling of SunPower's stock price and more than $1 billion in revenue in 2007. "We are a true Silicon Valley technology company," said Julie Blunden, SunPower vice president of external affairs, after Newsom's speech. "We're talking about the entire value chain—from manufacturing, to distribution, to construction—we have the entire value chain to grow."
Unlike Suntech, which focuses on manufacturing, SunPower sees its future more broadly in products and services. This flexibility across the industry should cement SunPower's position in the state, Blunden said.
In a subsequent interview, Blunden welcomed the competition but insisted her company would defend its turf.
"I have no doubt Suntech is rapidly rising. They've been doing a nice job," she said. "But it's great to be in a position where we lead in our own backyard."
Why so confident? Blunden says SunPower, whose stock price has dropped significantly this year, is positioned to install 500 megawatts of installed photovoltaics in California and will soon claim 10 gigawatts of solar power installed worldwide. By 2012, SunPower intends to reduce the cost of installed solar by half compared to 2006 and increase actual load "to put us in play with the scale of the wind industry," she said.
"We are focused on extending our lead," she added.
But Zindler points to an advantage Suntech intends to exploit: lower prices. "They've been the lowest cost supplier," he said. "Chinese companies can sell and manufacture a bit cheaper."
For his part, Efird wants to move into the top U.S. position, but he also sees room for more than one manufacturer.
"I think both Suntech and SunPower have come on strong in 2007," he said.
Some adventurists, including Suntech, are betting on the market shifting from energy-intensive crystalline silicon photovoltaics to thin-film nanosolar panels in years ahead. But the company is just as focused in the short term on integrating their current products into building materials.
The most recent proof is a licensing agreement Suntech signed with Los Gatos, Calif.-based Akeena Solar in December to expand its use of "building integrated photovoltaics," which are solar panels built into windows and other construction materials.
The idea is a rooftop solar panel that already includes built-in wiring and grounding to lower installation costs. An installed BIPV system "uses 70 percent fewer parts and requires 25 percent fewer attachment points than traditional solar systems, meaning better long-term performance," said Akeena CEO Barry Cinnamon.
Suntech is also in the process of constructing a thin-film factory in Shanghai that could deliver amorphous silicon products by the fourth quarter of 2008. Efird said the company intends to sell these panels and its BIPV products through separate marketing channels, to architects and structural engineers.
Other technology companies are working just as hard to develop thin-film panels with commercial viability—including Phoenix, Ariz.-based First Solar and San Jose, Calif.-based Nanosolar—but Blunden said SunPower is staying put for now and focusing on its core business.
"It's a business model question," Blunden said. "We see no reason to distract from our service." When and if a new technology emerges that is cheaper than silicon panels, Blunden said SunPower will move quickly to buy the development company or its technology.
Reached by e-mail, Nanosolar CEO Martin Roscheisen expressed confidence that his firm will soon produce a much cheaper solar panel than current models. He also downplayed some critics who think nanosolar panels are years if not decades away from mass-market penetration. "Prices will come down fast," Roscheisen said. "We don't care if anyone believes otherwise."
The wild card for the sector, and the California market specifically, is whether Congress will extend renewable energy project tax credits before they expire at the end of the year. An effort to include the credits in a Senate bill aimed at stimulating the economy were defeated last week, but Blunden and Efird alike said they expect Congress to act by year's end. Source: E & E Publishing, Greenwire, 2/11/2008.
Moving toward a renewable energy system to cut down on utility bills in Gloucester County's largest school district will first require voter approval.
Across New Jersey, many other school districts have successfully installed solar panels and other renewable energy initiatives to save money and reduce the impact on the environment.
Those school officials speak highly of their success.
"It was undoubtedly one of the better things we ever did for our school district," said Toms River Superintendent Michael Ritacco.
The 17,000-student Ocean County school district has solar panels on seven of its school buildings. Ritacco said voters approved the $20 million referendum in 2005 by a 2-to-1 margin.
"It not only benefits the environment but, education-wise, we have our students learning about solar energy in all our classes," Ritacco said. "And really, the benefit came to the taxpayers."
Converting sunlight into energy, solar panels have shaved about 10 percent off Toms River's utility costs. The district can sell excess energy that it doesn't need, using solar renewable energy credits.
Superintendent Ritacco said the Toms River system generates $1 million in revenue a year.
"It's worked out very well," he added.
At least a half-dozen school districts if not many more have successfully installed solar panels, according to the New Jersey School Boards Association. Schools in Branchburg, Hainesport, Montclair and Margate all have solar panels.
Recently, an ad hoc committee from Washington Township traveled to Margate for an up-close look at the solar panel system there. Source: By Jessica Beym, 2/11/2008.
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Berkeley Lab is pleased to announce the latest installment in the series "Case Studies of State Support for Renewable Energy." This new case study is titled Property Tax Assessments as a Finance Vehicle for Residential PV Installations: Opportunities and Potential Limitations. It describes the mechanics of a new type of photovoltaic (PV) financing program recently proposed by the City of Berkeley, Calif., and being considered by other cities throughout the United States.
Specifically, these cities propose to offer their residents the ability to utile increased property tax assessments as a means of repaying over time the up-front cost of installing PV systems. Although this type of program has a number of appealing features, two fundamental program characteristics—government involvement and an attractive interest rate—may cause the IRS to consider such programs to be "subsidized energy financing," which in turn would reduce or eliminate the ability of program participants to take advantage of the Federal investment tax credit for solar. This case study explores this particular issue through both a rudimentary review of relevant tax law, as well as a quantitative analysis of the potential financial benefit of such programs relative to commercially available financing alternatives, and how much of that relative benefit might be eroded by the possible loss of the Federal credit. Source: Mark Bolinger, Berkeley Lab, 2/6/2008.
The February issue of the Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) State & Stakeholder Newsletter is now online. The newsletter tracks a range of market-oriented news, services and outreach tools valuable to the renewable energy community. From webinars to white papers to workshops and interviews with renewable energy newsmakers, you'll find the latest news about IREC members and other renewable energy stakeholders in this newsletter which is distributed semi-monthly to email subscribers and published on IREC's website. There is no fee for this newsletter. If you have comments or if you would like to submit a news item, e-mail Jane Pulaski. Source: Jane Pulaski, 2/6/2008.
In 2003, the California Energy Commission established the California Climate Change Center to foster cutting-edge, California-specific climate change research as the first state-funded climate change research program in the nation. The Center is a virtual research institution with scientific research at multiple institutions such as Scripps Institution of Oceanography/UC San Diego, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, Stanford University, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Since its inception the Center has published more than one hundred scientific reports, many of which have been published in prestigious peer-reviewed academic journals. The Center's publications have been influential in informing policy development and planning efforts in California.
However, the availability of these publications may not be very well known. The goal of this article is to publicize the availability of these reports. The Center releases one or two new reports per month. Forthcoming reports include an examination of the potential for reducing the net greenhouse gas emissions from farming operations, the development and evaluation of a new model designed to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms, and a report on the results of a field study using two research aircraft to determine the effect of aerosols on precipitation levels in the Sierra Nevada. Please check back on our Web site periodically for new publications.
The Center also maintains a research bibliography on climate change publications of interest to California. The bibliography contains references of more than 1,000 scientific papers and is available to researchers, technical personnel from different institutions, and the public in general interested in climate change issues related to California. Readers can use the search function to query the database and review the citation(s) matching your specified criteria.
The center regularly searches for relevant papers in scientific journals to update our bibliography. However, if you are aware of a published paper which is not listed but should be included in our bibliography, please send a complete reference of the paper to the Energy Commission. The Energy Commission will release announcements about the availability of new publications about four times a year. Source: California Energy Commission, 2/6/2008.
In an ongoing effort to better serve the needs of our members, UWIG is expanding the level of activity for the Turbine O&M Users Group to provide a forum for the sharing of information on actual problems and experiences from the operation of wind turbines and wind power plants. UWIG has engaged the services of Global Energy Concepts as a technical and administrative support contractor to assist in facilitating the expanded scope of the user group. Beginning with the meeting held in Irving, Texas on April 15, the user group membership will come together for an all-day event. The morning will consist of a Plenary Session open to user group members, including invited vendors. The afternoon session will consist of vendor product-specific Roundtable Forums for members only.
We encourage the active participation of all UWIG members who own or operate wind plants, as well as other asset owners who would like to become a part of UWIG. The focus of our first meeting under this new format will be on gearbox experience, a very timely topic in the industry. We have secured the participation of Mr. Strange Skriver of the Danish Wind Turbine Owners Association, one of the leading gearbox specialists in the world, to share his experience with the Users Group. He will discuss his personal experience with gearbox inspection, maintenance, and repair as part of the plenary session. This will be followed by small group discussion of more specific topics in the afternoon Roundtables. The new meeting format promises to be very useful in allowing for an honest and frank discussion of member O&M issues and concerns.
To ensure appropriate and productive discussion in the Roundtable Forums and the Turbine O&M User Group, we are changing the membership structure for this group. This user group will be the only UWIG user group with structured membership requirements in addition to organizational membership in UWIG. Parties interested in participating in the Turbine O&M User Group, either as a member or an interested party should complete the User Group Participation Interest Form located on the UWIG Web site. We are also looking for User Group members who would be interested in chairing or co-chairing a Roundtable on a particular turbine type.
UWIG has undertaken these steps in response to member feedback in hopes that the change in structure and scope will facilitate the attendance of more wind plant operations & maintenance personnel as well as enhance the program for this user group. Source: Sandy Smith, Utility Wind Integration Group, 2/7/2008
The Wind Deployment System (WinDS) model, developed by SEAAC analysts Walter Short and Nate Blair, is featured on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's home page. The WinDS model, which started out as a simple spreadsheet, analyzes the feasibility of low-speed wind turbines in the United States by evaluating capacity and transmission requirements. The story highlights how the model was developed, some of the research being done with WinDS, and plans for expanding the model to analyze different technologies. WinDS was previously featured in the laboratory's Research Review. Source: NREL, 2/7/2008.
The report is a step-by-step guide helping companies evaluate their operations, calculate their carbon footprint and take action.
It covers strategies for reducing or eliminating consumption of non-renewable resources like energy, paper and plastic, ideas for incorporating recycling programs, and suggests ways to offset the amount of carbon dioxide the company releases into the atmosphere through its activities.
For the past two years, media attention around companies "going green" has mounted to a crescendo. Are we finally reaching the long-awaited critical mass?
Not even close. The scientific case for climate change may be sealed but the majority of business leaders are still suspicious of sustainability. The source of their inertia may surprise you. Their primary concern isn't "Why should I?" as much as "How do I?" In my experience, the real issue lies in the question they are often afraid to ask: "How do I sell sustainability?"
Let's begin with an example of how not to sell it. I was invited by a local mayor to deliver a speech on the U.S. Mayor's Climate Protection Agreement to his town council. More than 700 mayors in 50 states have now signed the agreement, making it one of the most significant grassroots movements to reduce emissions in the U.S. I was sure the town would sign it. The mayor even drives a hybrid Lexus.
When I arrived at the town council meeting, I immediately sensed that people saw me as a pot-stirring outsider. One council member even went on record to oppose my speech before I began. The mayor became strangely silent. Not only did the town refuse to sign the agreement, several people followed me into the parking lot trying to convince me that climate change isn't real.
A postmortem discussion with the mayor revealed that he was taken by surprise by people's strong reactions against the idea. Although the mayor might have gotten on board, his residents would not. He didn't lead them towards it as much as sit back and hope. It turns out that many had pressed the town council ahead of time to refuse the agreement based on ignorance. How, in the face of such overwhelming evidence, can people still be so slow to change?
Human beings are not, and never have been, swayed by science alone. Sustainability champions who underestimate the human factor can never facilitate genuine change in their organizations. To successfully sell sustainability to all but the most sophisticated audience, we must first dispense with the certitude of science and master the art of sales.
Whether you are trying to rally employees around a conservation initiative or devise a green marketing campaign to win customers, here are six tips for selling your green strategy:
1. Understand how Change Works – Recent success stories from the largest or most progressive companies aside, your typical CEO still does not have environmental responsibility, beyond compliance, on his radar. Many business leaders struggle with how to present a green strategy to stakeholders such as upper-level management and employees. Seeing yourself as a change agent will empower you to navigate these channels.
Human beings are subjective creatures; to sell them on sustainability, you must meet them where they are. Any organization can have a mixture of leaders, followers, laggards, or curmudgeons. As an agent of change, you must learn to present your green strategy in an appropriate context for different personalities. Generally speaking, secretaries like to be supportive and nurturing, while the CEO is all about the bottom line. Sustainability has enough benefits to go around for each personality type.
2. Inspire Your Audience – Many people are afraid of change. Even when the leader is open to it, the followers might resist. Laying a foundation of education will help grow green roots in your corporate culture.
Use communications methods such as e-mail and newsletters to share messages about your sustainability goals. If you intertwine facts with personal experience, people will be more inspired to engage in your mission.
Find creative and fun ways to spread awareness in order to build a foundation for more strategic sustainability efforts. Consider inviting an expert to deliver a motivational seminar or suggest a discussion group, such as those sponsored by the Northwest Earth Institute.
3. Emphasize Practice, Not Theory – We live in a culture of consumerism and instant gratification. The business world thrives, or at least survives, by this reality. It seems counterintuitive to most executives to be diverted by something as soft as sustainability seems to be. The common misconception is that sustainability is an esoteric pursuit of the intellectual elite.
In reality, sustainability is actually mere common sense masquerading as nonsense to a lot of people. In fact, it makes so much sense that it would be impossible to argue with if it were better understood. The rub is that the people most committed to teaching sustainability have tended to be incapable of communicating with the perpetrators, so they end up preaching to the choir. We now know that real change requires us to engage the business sector.
Discussing deep ecology will not win the support of your average executive. Even ideas like the "triple bottom line" can still seem too abstract. Instead of talking theory, try emphasizing the practice. Begin with the answering the real questions: What are you really proposing? What are the tangible benefits? How exactly will the plan work? Has anyone else done this before with success? If so, how did it work for them?
4. Build Consensus – Without building consensus, your great green idea may remain on the ground. People support that which they help to create. Invite key staff members from each department to join a "green team." They will feel honored to help take the company in a new direction.
5. Demonstrate Bottom-Line Value – Put together a cost benefit analysis of savings that can be achieved through conservation efforts. If green marketing is your goal, research the LOHAS market or the booming Clean Tech industry. It's difficult to argue with something as thrilling as opportunity.
6. Be Bold – Sitting on the fence merely guarantees that your competition will beat you to the punch in the growing green economy. You don't need a PhD in environmental science to get into the game. Today's green business gurus aren't coming out of the ivory tower. Some of the boldest approaches are coming from entrepreneurs with no previous green credentials.
You may not have heard of Joe Harberg yet, but you will. Harberg, the founding partner of a $60 million investment fund, is also the principal partner of Current Energy, the "world's first energy efficiency store." Harberg knows how to sell: the branding is hip and the store is all about saving people money. The formula is proving profitable, leading to a growth of 300 percent in the past year.
Harberg is spreading sustainability through selling, not just talking. "We're basically selling a savings," said Harberg. "We've got about 20 items here that, in the right combination, can save you up to 50 percent on your electricity bill."
Harberg has become a local celebrity in Dallas, even hosting his own radio spot, the Current Energy Report, every Saturday afternoon.
For a lesson in boldness, consider another entrepreneur: British billionaire Richard Branson, who has offered a prize of $25 million to anyone who can find a way to rid the earth of CO2. Branson has also invested more than $3 million in clean technology.
"The Earth cannot wait 60 years," he said. "I want a future for my children and my children's children. The clock is ticking."
O.K., so not everyone has the staggering resources and reckless abandon of Sir Richard. But rest assured, if you learn how to sell people on your green idea, you'll make your company more competitive and create a cleaner world at the same time.
Anna Clark is president of EarthPeople, a consulting firm that helps companies of all sizes save money and bolster their brand through the leading-edge principle of sustainability. Source: Strategic Thinking, By Anna Clark, 2/12/2008.
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President Bush unveiled his proposed federal budget for fiscal year (FY) 2009 on Monday, including $25 billion for DOE. The budget requests $1.255 billion for the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), which is essentially equal to the President's budget request for FY 2008 but about 18 percent lower than the actual FY 2008 funding (not counting congressionally directed funds).
Compared to the FY 2008 appropriations, the proposed budget boosts funding for geothermal energy by 51 percent to provide for field demonstrations of enhanced geothermal systems technologies. The budget also provides a 13.5 percent funding increase for research and development relating to biomass and biorefinery systems, a similar funding increase for efficient building technologies, and nearly level funding for the Federal Energy Management Program, vehicle technologies, industrial technologies, and wind energy. The budget proposal cuts hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by 69 percent, deferring hydrogen production research to focus instead on hydrogen storage and fuel cell technologies that are needed to develop a practical fuel cell vehicle by 2015.
The budget increases funding for state energy programs by 13 percent and proposes $7.5 million in new funding for the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate. It eliminates funding for Weatherization Assistance Grants, arguing that the energy efficiency retrofit program for low-income households has failed to catalyze broader solutions for the tens of millions of eligible homes that have never received retrofits. It also eliminates the Renewable Energy Production Incentive, which has become less effective as renewable energy technologies have become competitive and as limited funds have been distributed to a growing pool of eligible applicants. See the EERE Fiscal Year 2009 "Budget-in-Brief".
The proposed budget includes $3.2 billion for the President's Advanced Energy Initiative, a 28 percent increase, and $225 million for the President's Solar America Initiative, with $156 million in the EERE budget and $69 million in the budget for DOE's Office of Science. It also requests $19.9 million for the administrative expenses of DOE's new loan guarantee program, while requesting an extension of its authorization to issue loans through FY 2010 and FY 2011. The FY 2007 appropriations act authorized $38.5 billion in loan guarantees, including $10 billion for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and distributed energy generation, but gave DOE only two fiscal years to issue the loan guarantees. See the DOE press release and page 42a (PDF page 86) of the explanatory statement that was issued with the appropriations act. Source: EERE Network News, 2/6/2008.
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Analysts Karlynn Cory and Blair Swezey recently published the report Renewable Portfolio Standards in the States: Balancing Goals and Implementation Strategies. This report examines renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and how the RPS rules vary from state to state. This variation presents important challenges to successful implementation. Key issues are discussed in terms of resource availability, solar-specific provisions, and political and regulatory consistency—and their impacts on the ability to finance new renewable energy projects. This report emphasizes the fact that a successful RPS policy must balance a state's goals for fuel diversity, economic development, price effects, and environmental benefits. Source: NREL, 2/7/2008.
Currently, states across the country are fiercely competing for new jobs and businesses, while battling to retain existing ones. At the same time, the renewable energy industry in this region and across the country is growing. Our need to reduce pollution and switch from traditional fossil fuel energy sources means new jobs in manufacturing, research and development, shipping and transportation, construction, and operations and maintenance.
Bluewater Wind's proposal is a unique opportunity to get in on the ground floor of this industry and take advantage of its huge growth potential. Last week, I met with Hunter Armistead, head of Babcock & Brown's energy division. Babcock & Brown is Bluewater Wind's parent company. In that meeting, Mr. Armistead committed to making Delaware Babcock & Brown's regional hub for offshore wind development and maintenance, provided the State move forward with Bluewater Wind's proposal in a timely manner.
This commitment allows Delaware to become a national leader in the new, clean energy economy, creating good, high-paying jobs, as well as new business opportunities for Delawareans. It is also another strong, compelling reason we should promptly move forward with Bluewater Wind's proposal to build an offshore wind park.
This agreement goes beyond the hundreds of jobs the Delaware project will produce. As the demand for clean, renewable energy increases, more projects will follow in the region, including in Maryland and New Jersey. These jobs will require highly-skilled tradesmen and women for building and maintenance. We'll also need a strong workforce to meet the needs of this new industry through major infrastructure improvements, new facilities at the Port of Wilmington and training programs.
Only one regional center will be needed to serve numerous offshore wind farms. Delaware is perfectly suited to become the hub of this growing industry and is ready to meet the challenges that lie ahead. We cannot afford to let this opportunity pass us by. If Babcock & Brown does not open its hub in Delaware, it will locate somewhere else in the Mid-Atlantic region.
I want it to be here. We pride ourselves in Delaware on being the First State. Today, we have the chance to lay claim to that title once again, this time as the regional leader for a new industry that will, without a doubt, grow rapidly in the years ahead. This commitment from Babcock & Brown is another great reason for the General Assembly to move forward expeditiously with the Bluewater Wind proposal. In the days and weeks ahead, I will continue to encourage the members of the House and Senate to get the job done. (John C. Carney Jr. is the lieutenant governor of Delaware.) Source: Delawareonline.com 02/11/08.
South Dakota Governor Mike Rounds' plan to provide more tax incentives to encourage construction of wind-energy towers has been approved by a state House Committee. The new proposal would cut wind farm property taxes by basing them on a wind farm's generation capacity rather than construction cost. It also would add a new state tax of 2 percent on a wind farm's gross receipts. However, companies could apply for refunds of up to 90 percent of their gross tax payments in the first five years, and could apply the refunds to transmission lines and other facilities costs. In the second five years, refunds would be limited to 50 percent of tax payments. The State Affairs Committee voted unanimously to send the measure to the full House for further debate. (Source: Forbes, Feb. 07, '08) Contact: Mike Rounds, Governor, South Dakota, 605-773-3212. Source: EPOverviews, 2/11/2008.
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Puget Sound Energy (PSE) has issued a Request for Proposals to provide a 1 to 5 KW PV solar system to each of up to five schools in PSE's service area. PSE has already funded PV demonstration projects at several schools and educational facilities throughout its territory and is looking to expand its solar schools network through this solicitation. The systems will be awarded to schools that can successfully implement educational programs to students as well as offer educational outreach to the surrounding communities. The deadline for proposals is March 2, 2008. (Source: Business Wire, Feb. 04, '08) For more information, contact Micah Hamm, Customer Renewables Program, Puget Sound Energy, 425-456-2992. Source: ep Overviews, 2/6/2008.
The U.S. Green Building Council has doubled its funding commitment for green building research grants to be awarded in 2008 to a grand total of $2 million. Of the additional $1 million in grants, $500,000 has been allocated for K-12 school facility research related to occupant impacts. The Green Building Research Fund was created to spur research that will advance sustainable building practices and encourage market transformation. A formal request for pre-proposals has been released. Pre-proposal abstracts are being accepted from February 12 through March 6, 2008. Selected applicants will be asked to submit comprehensive proposals for the final phase of the selection process.
"Our pledge to invest in research is a reflection of USGBC's commitment to its vision of a sustainable built environment within a generation," said Rick Fedrizzi, President, CEO and Founding Chair of USGBC. "The industry needs to take giant steps forward in design, construction, renovation and operation practices to realize large scale improvements to health and environmental conditions in this timeframe. Our board has identified research as a key strategy for accomplishing that goal, and the research grant fund allows us to take immediate action while encouraging other funders to increase their own research commitments."
Matching funds from other sources are encouraged in order to maximize the potential of USGBC's contribution toward filling critical research gaps. The research will result in knowledge, policies, technologies and tools that will have an immediate and positive impact on sustainable building development, design, construction and operation.
The USGBC Research Committee has established the need for a vast increase in research funding and activity through its publication of Green Building Research Funding: An Assessment of Current Activity in the United States. Subsequently, the committee has sought broad input to create A National Green Building Research Agenda to focus attention on increasing research capacity and activity.
Grant Proposals will be accepted from Feb. 19 through March 6, 2008. Questions about the research fund and the request for pre-proposals may be e-mailed. Source: USGBC, 2/6/2008.
The Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) has released a Request for Offers (RFO) of renewable energy for power purchase agreements (PPA). Proposals will be due on April 7, 2008.
SMUD has a goal to meet 23 percent of its retail electricity sales with renewable energy by 2011 and beyond. The utility's need for renewable energy continues to increase due to its commitment to expand the amount of power from renewable sources in its power mix and a need to replace current contracts that expire in the coming years.
The 2008 solicitation is for PPA offers of California RPS eligible conventional renewables, which include resources such as wind, geothermal, small hydroelectric, landfill gas, biomass and biodiesel. A separate RFO for emerging renewable technologies is planned for mid-2008.
Interested parties can download the RFO documents from SMUD's Electronic Bid Solicitation System (EBSS). Registration to the EBSS site is required to access the documents.
SMUD recommends that those interested in this and future solicitations list their company name in the "Renewable Power" category as well as in one or more of the following Renewable Power subcategories: Generation Energy, Geothermal Power, Landfill Gas Power, Renewable Power-Other, Small Hydro Power, and Wind Power.
Registered individuals will also receive updated information regarding this RFO and will also receive notification of future solicitations for purchase of renewable energy resources. For additional information, contact Cesar J. Beltran at 916-732-6925. Source: Sacramento Municipal Utility District.
The New York Institute of Technology has received $492,000 US for an initiative to determine the carbon footprint of the university, to research energy alternatives and to undertake broad efforts to reduce energy consumption on campus and in the community. The program includes research efforts into more efficient solar cells and electric vehicle batteries as well as developing a process to convert waste cooking oil into biodiesel fuel for transportation and heating purposes. "We are looking to partner up with local businesses to provide their expertise, to implement some of these initiatives, provide equipment, engineering help," said Greg Banhazl, Director of Business Development at NYIT. (Source: Long Island Business News, Feb. 08, '08)
For more information, contact Greg Banhazl, Director, Business Development and Special Projects, NYIT, 516-686-1366. Source: EP Overviews, 2/11/2008.
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This news item comes to you as a service of Western's Renewable Resources Program.
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